Circuit theory model-based analysis of triple-band stub and notches loaded epoxy substrate patch antenna for wireless applications

The research presented in this paper is intended to design and analyze of a triple-band stub and notches loaded antenna for wireless applications. The optimized and proposed antenna (Antenna-4: 0.235 lambda(0) x 0.238 lambda(0) x 0.013 lambda(0) mm(3)) is decided after systematic investigation of Antennas-1 to -4 at design frequency of 2.45 GHz. One orthogonal and two parallel notches and one stub are used on the radiating patch of the substrate to obtain the desired specifications. Theoretical analysis based on circuit theory model has been performed to obtain the equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna. Antenna parameters are analyzed by means of IE3D electromagnetic solver and circuit theory model, and results are validated with experimental results. The impedance bandwidths (S-11 < -10 dB) of the proposed antenna are 41.3% between 1.42 and 2.16 GHz (theoretical), 21.6% between 1.61 and 2 GHz (simulated), and 41.4% between 1.40 and 2.13 GHz (measured) at lower resonant frequency ( fr1=1.98GHz); 4.1% between 2.61 and 2.72 GHz (theoretical), 17.4% between 2.36 and 2.81 GHz (simulated), and 8.8% between 2.50 and 2.73 GHz (measured) at middle resonant frequency ( fr2=2.65GHz); and 42.3% between 3.32 and 5.10 GHz (theoretical), 49.9% between 3.04 and 5.06 GHz (simulated), and 44.4% between 2.98 and 4.68 GHz (measured) at higher resonant frequency ( fr3=3.40GHz) observed, respectively. The measured stable peak gain of 2.6 dB at 1.9 GHz, 3.8 dB at 2.6 GHz, and 5.4 dB at 3.6GHz is observed in lower, middle, and higher bands, respectively.

Automated summary

The research focuses on designing and analyzing a triple-band stub and notches loaded antenna for wireless applications. The final proposed antenna is optimized at a design frequency of 2.45 GHz and validated through theoretical analysis, simulations, and experimental results. The antenna parameters, including impedance bandwidths and stable peak gain, were studied for lower, middle, and higher resonant frequencies.