Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
Volume 31, Issue 3, Pages 2187-2199Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2433535
Keywords
Bidirectional converters; DC-DC converters; dual active bridge; energy storages; fuel cells; outputimpedance shaping
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Funding
- University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Research Grants Council [PolyU 5193/10, PolyU 5390/13]
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This paper investigates the design and implementation of virtual-output-impedance shaping on an inverter-loaded, fuel-cell-battery-powered dc-dc converter system for achieving near-ripple-free dc bus voltage regulation. The method is based on the insertion of a second output-voltage feedback loop as can be inferred from the Mason's gain formula. Three basic modes of virtual-output-impedance shaping (proportional, derivative, integral) are discussed and the closed-loop output-impedance characteristics due to each of them are analyzed in detail and with their Thevenin equivalent circuits derived. Despite the suitability of integral feedback for minimizing converter's output impedance, it can give rise to an unwanted resonance peak near the converter's crossover frequency, thus potentially destabilizing the system. The solution to the problem using combination of basic virtual-output-impedance shaping modes and its practical implementation are discussed. When implemented on a fuel-cell-battery-powered dual-active-bridge dc-dc converter, the second-harmonic distortion of dc bus voltage is shown to have been reduced by 85.5% compared to a conventionally PI-compensated system.
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