Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
Volume 38, Issue 5, Pages 1037-1046Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10554-021-02480-0
Keywords
Adenosine stress echocardiography; Coronary flow velocity reserve; Heart rate reserve
Funding
- Science and Technology Fund of Liaoning Province [20180530109]
- Liaoning Province Xingliao Talents Plan Project [XLYC2005007]
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This study explored the correlation between heart rate reserve (HRR) and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) in ANOCA patients. It was found that reduced HRR was associated with impaired CFVR, especially in females. A multivariate logistic regression identified HRR as the strongest predictor of impaired CFVR in women, with HRR < 35% being a strong indicator of impaired CFVR in females.
This study was to explore the correlation between heart rate reserve (HRR) to coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), using adenosine stress echocardiography (SE), in patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA). 111 ANOCA patients underwent adenosine SE were enrolled, which were divided into two groups, impaired CFVR group (CFVR < 2) and control groups (CFVR >= 2). The relationships between HRR and impaired CFVR were explored in total and subgroup to sex. A reduced HRR during adenosine infusion was seen in ANOCA patients with impaired CFVR (25.73 +/- 8.39 vs. 34.30 +/- 19.93, P < 0.001). Compared to respective controls, the blunted HRR to adenosine was more pronounced in female patients (women: 27.21 +/- 8.01 vs. 39.48 +/- 10.57, P < 0.001; men: 24.05 +/- 8.70 vs. 29.12 +/- 8.69, P = 0.041). A strong association between CFVR and a blunted HRR was observed in women (r = 0.46, P < 0.001), while no association in men (r = 0.18, P = 0.199). In female, a multivariate logistic regression identified HRR as the strongest negative predictor of impaired CFVR [HR (95% CI) = 0.854 (0.764-0.956), P = 0.006]. Based on the ROC curve, HRR < 35% was a strong indicator of impaired CFVR, with AUC of 0.838, sensitivity of 70%, and specificity of 87% in females. A blunted HRR was seen in patients with impaired CFVR, with a most pronounced effect being seen in female patients. The blunted HRR < 35% is intricately linked to impaired CFVR in women with ANOCA beyond the value of traditional risk factors, which could ultimately contribute to risk stratification of impaired CFVR in such patients.
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