Journal
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
Volume 131, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105870
Keywords
Electrical conductivity; Hybrid nanofluids; PEMFC; Thermal conductivity; Viscosity
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia [FRGS/1/2019/TK10/UITM/02/12, 600-IRMI/FRGS 5/3 (375/2019)]
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The study found that using Al2O3-SiO2 hybrid nanofluids as a cooling liquid for PEMFC instead of conventional ethylene glycol can significantly improve thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, thereby enhancing energy conversion efficiency.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is seen as an emerging sustainable technology which has a promising future due to its excellence in energy conversion efficiency with almost zero emission pollution. In this study, the new revolutionized, Al2O3-SiO2 hybrid nanofluids in green Bio Glycol were investigated as an alternative cooling liquid to PEMFC. This Bio Glycol was explored due to the advantage of its non-toxicity characteristic as opposed to conventional ethylene glycol. There were four hybrid ratios studied which were 10:90, 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 (Al2O3-SiO2) in a Water: Bio Glycol (W:BG) mixture. The green Bio Glycol hybrid Al2O3-SiO2 nanofluids outperformed both single nanofluids and the base fluid significantly especially in terms of thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity properties. Thermal conductivity was increased by up to 21.2% as compared to the base fluid. The electrical conductivity showed a reduction as compared to base fluid which was very attractive for an electrically active heat transfer application of PEMFC. Viscosity increased as expected in these hybrid nanofluids. The thermal-electrical-hydraulic properties of the hybrid Al2O3-SiO2 nanofluid in green Bio was established and the 30:70 Al2O3-SiO2 Bio Glycol hybrid ratio was favoured as the most feasible ratio for PEMFC adoption.
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