Journal
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
Volume 171, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113848
Keywords
Lignin; Aromatic oligomers; Value-added utilization; Charge-storage materials
Categories
Funding
- Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University
- Key Research Program of Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry
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In this study, lignin-derived aromatic oligomers (LDAOs) were used as raw material to prepare a synthetic polymer (SP-AOF) by reacting with formaldehyde, followed by incorporation with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to form rGO/SP-AOF. The hybrid electrode showed high specific capacitance due to the presence of quinone groups in SP-AOF, which contributed to overall capacitance with pseudocapacitance. This research offers a promising strategy for the utilization of aromatic oligomers in manufacturing high-performance lignin-derived energy storage materials.
Lignin-derived aromatic oligomers (LDAOs) are the primary components of lignin depolymerization products. They are typically utilized as renewable crosslinking agents or resin materials with a considerably lower application value than aromatic monomers. Notably, LDAOs are rich in quinone groups, which enable storage and release of charges. In this work, the feasibility of LDAOs as renewable charge storage materials was investigated. LDAOs were first reacted with formaldehyde to generate a synthetic polymer (SP-AOF) via a phenolformaldehyde condensation reaction. SP-AOF was subsequently incorporated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), namely rGO/SP-AOF. As expected, the hybrid electrode exhibited high specific capacitance (250 F/g), which was approximately three times higher than that of rGO (87 F/g). This was due to the presence of quinone groups in SP-AOF, which could contribute to the overall capacitance with pseudocapacitance. Moreover, the hybrid electrode was able to deliver a high specific capacitance of 210 F/g even at a high specific current of 10 A/ g. 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D HSQC NMR) and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) analyses revealed that SP-AOF displayed higher quinone content (3.76 mmol/g) than commercially available lignin (organosolv and alkali lignin), which resulted in higher energy storage performance. This study provides a promising strategy for the utilization of aromatic oligomers as raw materials to manufacture high-performance lignin-derived energy storage materials.
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