Journal
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
Volume 60, Issue 51, Pages 18791-18805Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02848
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- Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [RTI2018-94918-B-C44]
- FEDER (European Union) Funds [UMA18-FEDERJA-171]
- University of Malaga
- Junta de Andalucia
- FEDER funds
- Universidad de Malaga/CBUA
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The performance of Si/Zr catalysts is determined by the Zr content, with a high Zr proportion favoring the formation of Lewis acid sites and low Bronsted acidity promoting dehydration reactions, leading to a variety of reaction products.
Porous SiO2 nanospheres were modified with different loadings of ZrO2 to obtain catalysts with a Si/Zr molar ratio from 2.5 to 30. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, N-2 adsorption-desorption at -196 degrees C, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and pyridine and 2-6-dimethylpyridine thermoprogrammed desorption. The characterization of these catalysts has revealed that a high proportion of Zr favors the formation of Lewis acid sites, which are implied in catalytic transfer hydrogenation processes, whereas the low Bronsted acidity promotes a dehydration reaction, being possible to give rise to a large variety of products from furfural through consecutive reactions, such as furfuryl alcohol, i-propyl furfuryl ether, i-propyl levulinate, and gamma-valerolactone, in a range of temperature of 110-170 degrees C and 1-6 h of reaction.
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