Journal
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 307, Issue 1, Pages 191-202Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/imr.13069
Keywords
Autoimmune disease; CXCL13; IL-21; T follicular helper; T peripheral helper
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [AR070253, AR072791, AR078769]
- Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Lupus Research Alliance
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Pathologic T cell-B cell interactions play a crucial role in autoimmune diseases. Tph cells, a unique subset of T cells, have been identified in autoantibody-associated diseases, providing both B cell help and the ability to migrate to inflamed peripheral tissues. Understanding and tracking Tph cells are crucial for studying the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of autoimmune diseases.
Pathologic T cell-B cell interactions underlie many autoimmune diseases. The T cells that help B cells in autoimmune diseases vary in phenotype and include T cells that lack typical features of T follicular helper cells, such as expression of CXCR5 and BCL6. A population of PD-1(hi) CXCR5(-) T peripheral helper (Tph) cells has now been recognized in multiple autoantibody-associated diseases. Tph cells display a distinctive set of features, merging the ability to provide B cell help with the capacity to migrate to inflamed peripheral tissues. Here, we review the scope of immune-related conditions in which Tph cells have been implicated and provide a perspective on their potential contributions to pathologic B cell activation in autoimmune diseases. We discuss Tph cells as a promising therapeutic strategy in autoimmunity and consider the utility of tracking Tph cells in blood as a biomarker to quantify aberrant T cell-B cell activation in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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