Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
Volume 69, Issue 12, Pages 12924-12933Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2021.3139245
Keywords
Distance protection; high-voltage dc (HVdc); modular multilevel converter (MMC); protection; short-circuit
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Funding
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2015/21167-6]
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A new distance protection algorithm for HVdc grids is proposed in this article, which identifies the faulty line/cable by using the resonance frequency of a dc capacitor installed in each terminal. The algorithm showed high selectivity for line faults and provided fast identification in hardware testing, even under high-noise conditions.
High-voltage dc (HVdc) transmission has been largely used to interconnect asynchronous systems and integrate renewable energy resources into electrical grids. However, the high short-circuit currents and low-tolerance of power electronics equipment impose new challenges for these systems' protection. To address these challenges, a new distance protection algorithm for HVdc grids with modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is proposed in this article. The proposed algorithm identifies the faulty line/cable using the resonance frequency of a dc capacitor installed in each terminal. The technique was tested in a four-terminal HVdc grid with five cables and ten circuit breakers. The algorithm was highly selective for faults in the lines and provided fast identification, in less than 1 ms, without communication amongst terminals. The algorithm was tested in hardware under high-noise conditions and provided reliable results.
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