Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
Volume 60, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2020.3045651
Keywords
Antennas; ground penetrating radar; log periodic antennas; radar; remote sensing; synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
Categories
Funding
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX11AJ89G]
- University of Colorado-Boulder Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering (ECEE) Department in the form of teaching assistantships and summer fellowships
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This paper presents an endfire synthetic aperture radar (SAR) designed for a cylindrical ice-penetrating cryobot. The SAR is used to detect and map obstacles inside ice for subsurface exploration. The unique feature of this system is the use of paired antennas with fixed baselines to implement multiple coherent monostatic SARs for 3D target position estimation. Experimental validation of the SAR's performance is presented, including radar signal coherency tests and point target estimation.
An endfire synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for use on a cylindrical ice-penetrating cryobot is presented. The SAR facilitates obstacle detection and mapping inside ice for subsurface exploration using such a cryobot vehicle. The SAR is comprised of four azimuthally arranged directional log periodic antenna elements flush-mounted onto the cryobot's surface. Aperture synthesis is facilitated by the downward trajectory of the cryobot as it slowly melts through ice. The radar front end and back end are designed using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components and a customized field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital design for signal generation, reception, and processing. Theoretical analysis of the SAR geometry is presented for the case of a point target in which the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach is used for position estimator development. The novelty of this system lies in the use of pairs of antennas, with fixed baselines between them, to implement multiple coherent monostatic SARs to estimate target position in three dimensions. Specifically, range estimation is implemented by conventional chirp processing, polar (or elevation) angle estimation is achieved by SAR processing, and azimuth angle estimation is facilitated using pairs of four azimuthally arranged antennas that can be analyzed as multiple fixed baseline interferometric radars. Radar signal coherency tests and experimental validation of point target estimation and spatial resolution performed in a laboratory environment using the endfire SAR are presented in this study.
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