Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 69, Issue 1, Pages 96-107Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2021.3087444
Keywords
Ions; Electrodes; Mathematical model; Biomembranes; Steady-state; Temperature sensors; Temperature measurement; ISE; sensor modeling; scalable manufacture; roll-to-roll printing
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Funding
- Purdue Scalable Manufacturing of Aware and Responsive Thin Films (SMART) Consortium
- Wabash Heartland Innovation Network (WHIN)
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In this paper, the steady-state and transient responses of traditional Potentiometric Ion-selective Electrodes (ISE) relevant for wearable/implantable sensors are studied. A physics-based model is developed and validated numerically and experimentally to provide fundamental insights for the development of ISE in wearable/implantable applications.
Traditional Potentiometric Ion-selective Electrodes (ISE) are widely used in industrial and clinical settings. The simplicity and small footprint of ISE have encouraged their recent adoption as wearable/implantable sensors for personalized healthcare and precision agriculture, creating a new set of unique challenges absent in traditional ISE. In this paper, we develop a fundamental physics-based model to describe both steady-state and transient responses of ISE relevant for wearable/implantable sensors. The model is encapsulated in a generalized Nernst formula that explicitly accounts for the analyte density, time-dynamics of signal transduction, ion-selective membrane thickness, and other sensor parameters. The formula is validated numerically by self-consistent modeling of multispecies ion-transport and experimentally by interpreting the time dynamics and thickness dependence of thin-film solid-contact and graphene-based ISE sensors for measuring soil nitrate concentration. These fundamental results will support the accelerated development of ISE for wearable/implantable applications.
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