Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 69, Issue 2, Pages 983-990Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2021.3111150
Keywords
Blood; Biomedical measurement; Optical variables measurement; Australia; Wavelength measurement; Solvents; Biomedical optical imaging; Bilirubin; biosensors; dual-wavelength spectrophotometry; liver damage; point-of-care diagnostics
Categories
Funding
- Australian Research Council [LP160101052]
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Early Career Fellowship [GNT1123030]
- NHMRC Development Grant through the broad support of Victorian Government Operational Infrastructure Support Program (Melbourne, Australia) [GNT1139340]
- Australian Research Council [LP160101052] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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This study investigates the feasibility of measuring bilirubin concentration in whole porcine blood samples using dual-wavelength transmission measurement. A compact and low-cost measurement setup is developed and optimized for point-of-care monitoring of blood bilirubin outside of medical facilities.
As a biomarker for liver disease, bilirubin has been utilized in prognostic scoring systems for cirrhosis. While laboratory-based methods are used to determine bilirubin levels in clinical settings, they do not readily lend themselves to applications outside of hospitals. Consequently, bilirubin monitoring for cirrhotic patients is often performed only intermittently; thus, episodes requiring clinical interventions could be missed. This work investigates the feasibility of measuring bilirubin concentration in whole porcine blood samples using dual-wavelength transmission measurement. A compact and low-cost dual-wavelength transmission measurement setup is developed and optimized to measure whole blood bilirubin concentrations. Using small volumes of whole porcine blood (72 mu L), we measured the bilirubin concentration within a range corresponding to healthy individuals and cirrhotic patients (1.2-30 mg/dL). We demonstrate that bilirubin levels can be estimated with a positive correlation (R-square > 0.95) and an accuracy of +/- 1.7 mg/dL, with higher reliability in cirrhotic bilirubin concentrations (> 4 mg/dL) - critical for high-risk patients. The optical and electronic components utilized are economical and can be readily integrated into a miniature, low-cost, and user-friendly system. This could provide a pathway for point-of-care monitoring of blood bilirubin outside of medical facilities (e.g., patient's home).
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