Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 1368-1379Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2021.3124197
Keywords
Biosensor; current front-end; CT Delta Sigma; IIR quantizer; sub-pA; tri-level DAC
Funding
- National Science Foundation [ECCS-1610516]
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This paper introduces an 8-channel array of low-noise current sensing front-ends with on-chip microelectrode electrochemical sensors, achieving high sensitivity and dynamic range while consuming low power and occupying a small area. The proposed platform was successfully applied to real-time observation of protein-ligand interactions.
This paper presents an 8-channel array of low-noise (30.3 fA/root Hz) current sensing front-ends with on-chip microelectrode electrochemical sensors. The analog front-end (AFE) consists of a 1(st)-order continuous-time delta-sigma (CT Delta Sigma) modulator that achieves 123 fA sensitivity over a 10 Hz bandwidth and 139 dB cross-scale dynamic range with a 2-bit programmable current reference. A digital predictor and tri-level pulse width modulated (PWM) current-steering DAC realize the equivalent performance of a multi-bit Delta Sigma in an area- and power-efficient manner. The AFE consumes 50.3 mu W and 0.11 mm(2) per readout channel. The proposed platform was used to observe protein-ligand interactions in real-time using transient induced molecular electronic spectroscopy (TIMES), a label- and immobilization-free biosensing technique.
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