4.7 Article

Safety-Optimized Inductive Powering of Implantable Medical Devices: Tutorial and Comprehensive Design Guide

Journal

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 1354-1367

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2021.3125618

Keywords

Integrated circuit modeling; Optimization; Specific absorption rate; Energy harvesting; Wireless power transfer; Implants; Energy harvesting; inductive coupling; matching networks; medical implant; near-field; neural implant; power transfer efficiency; wireless power transfer; power density; specific absorption rate

Funding

  1. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
  2. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

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A tutorial and comprehensive guide for the design of planar spiral inductors with maximum energy delivery in biomedical implants is presented in this paper. By comparing the proposed methodology with the conventional approach, it is demonstrated that the presented technique increases the maximum deliverable power significantly while maintaining moderate link efficiencies.
A tutorial and comprehensive guide are presented for the design of planar spiral inductors with maximum energy delivery in biomedical implants. Rather than maximizing power transfer efficiency (PTE), the ratio of the received power to the square of the magnetic flux density is maximized in this technique. This ensures that the highest power is delivered for a given level of safe electromagnetic radiation, as measured by the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the tissue. By using quasi-static field approximations, the maximum deliverable power under SAR constraints is embedded in a lumped-element model of a 2-coil inductive link, from which planar coil geometries are derived. To compare the proposed methodology with the conventional approach that maximizes PTE, the results of both techniques are compared for three examples of state-of-the-art designs. It is demonstrated that the presented technique increases the maximum deliverable power while operating at a given level of non-ionizing radiation by factors of 8x, 410x, and 560x as compared to the three existing designs, and maintaining moderate link efficiencies of 12%, 23%, and 12%, respectively.

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