Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 49, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2021GL096612
Keywords
volcano; flood basalt; climate; stratosphere; modeling
Categories
Funding
- NASA MAP program
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Volcanic flood basalt eruptions are associated with climate disruptions, ocean anoxic events, and mass extinctions. Short-term cooling can occur due to sunlight reflection by H2SO4 aerosols, while long-term warming can occur due to CO2 emissions and increased stratospheric H2O vapor.
Volcanic flood basalt eruptions have been linked to or are contemporaneous with major climate disruptions, ocean anoxic events, and mass extinctions throughout at least the last 400 M years of Earth's history. Previous studies and recent history have shown that volcanically-driven climate cooling can occur through reflection of sunlight by H2SO4 aerosols, while longer-term climate warming can occur via CO2 emissions. We use the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model to simulate a 4-year duration volcanic SO2 emission of the scale of the Wapshilla Ridge member of the Columbia River Basalt eruption. Brief cooling from H2SO4 aerosols is outweighed by dynamically and radiatively driven warming of the climate through a three orders of magnitude increase in stratospheric H2O vapor.
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