On Timescales and Reversibility of the Ocean's Response to Enhanced Greenland Ice Sheet Melting in Comprehensive Climate Models

Warming of the North Atlantic region in climate history often was associated with massive melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. To identify the meltwater's impacts and isolate these from internal variability and other global warming factors, we run single-forcing simulations including small ensembles using three complex climate models differing only in their ocean components. In 200-year-long preindustrial climate simulations, we identify robust consequences of abruptly increasing Greenland runoff by 0.05 Sv: sea level rise of 44 +/- 10 cm, subpolar North Atlantic surface cooling of 0.7 degrees C, and a moderate AMOC decline of 1.1-2.0 Sv. The latter two emerge in under three decades-and reverse on the same timescale after the perturbation ends in year 100. The ocean translates the step-change perturbation into a multidecadal-to-centennial signature in the deep overturning circulation. In all simulations, internal variability creates notable uncertainty in estimating trends, time of emergence, and duration of the response.

Automated summary

This study analyzes the impacts of a sudden increase in Greenland runoff on the North Atlantic region through simulations. It finds that this leads to sea level rise, surface cooling in the subpolar North Atlantic, and a decline in AMOC. These changes persist for several decades to centuries and are influenced by internal variability.