Inferring core processes using stochastic models of the geodynamo

Recent studies have represented time variations in the Earth's axial magnetic dipole field as a stochastic process, which comprise both deterministic and random elements. To explore how these elements are affected by the style and vigour of convection in the core, as well as the core-mantle boundary conditions, we construct stochastic models from a set of numerical dynamo simulations at low Ekman numbers. The deterministic part of the stochastic model, the drift term, characterizes the slow relaxation of the dipole back to its time average. We find that these variations are predominantly accommodated by the slowest decay mode, enhanced by turbulent diffusion to enable a faster relaxation. The random part-the noise term-is set by the amplitude and timescale of variations in dipole field generation, including contributions from both velocity and internal magnetic field variations. Applying these interpretations to the palaeomagnetic field suggest that reversal rates are very sensitive to rms variations in the field generation. Less than a 50 per cent reduction in rms field generation variations is sufficient to prevent reversals for the recent magnetic field.

Automated summary

Recent studies have shown that time variations in the Earth's axial magnetic dipole field are influenced by both deterministic and random elements, with the slowest decay mode and turbulent diffusion playing key roles. The amplitude and timescale of variations in dipole field generation, including contributions from both velocity and internal magnetic field variations, also have a significant impact on the field's behavior. Applying these findings to the palaeomagnetic field suggests that reversal rates are highly sensitive to changes in the field generation process.