Chromatin accessibility and microRNA expression in nephron progenitor cells during kidney development

Mammalian nephrons originate from a population of nephron progenitor cells, and changes in these cells' transcriptomes contribute to the cessation of nephrogenesis, an important determinant of nephron number. To characterize microRNA (miRNA) expression and identify putative cis-regulatory regions, we collected nephron progenitor cells from mouse kidneys at embryonic day 14.5 and postnatal day zero and assayed small RNA expression and transposase-accessible chromatin. We detect expression of 1104 miRNA (114 with expression changes), and 46,374 chromatin accessible regions (2103 with changes in accessibility). Genome-wide, our data highlight processes like cellular differentiation, cell migration, extracellular matrix interactions, and developmental signaling pathways. Furthermore, they identify new candidate cis-regulatory elements for Eya1 and Pax8, both genes with a role in nephron progenitor cell differentiation. Finally, we associate expression-changing miRNAs, including let-7-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-181a-2-3p, and miR-9-3p, with candidate cis-regulatory elements and target genes. These analyses highlight new putative cis-regulatory loci for miRNA in nephron progenitors.

Automated summary

The study identified 1104 miRNAs and 46374 chromatin accessible regions in mammalian nephron progenitor cells, with changes in expression playing crucial roles in processes like cellular differentiation, migration, extracellular matrix interactions, and developmental signaling pathways. New candidate cis-regulatory elements for genes like Eya1 and Pax8 were highlighted, with expression-changing miRNAs such as let-7-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-181a-2-3p, and miR-9-3p associated with candidate cis-regulatory elements and target genes. These analyses emphasize the discovery of new putative cis-regulatory loci for miRNA in nephron progenitors.