Journal
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 314, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113924
Keywords
Metalloprotease; Mmp; Adam; Adamts; Ovulation; Primordial germ cell; PGC; Folliculogenesis; Gonad formation; Gonad differentiation; Sex determination; Zebrafish
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Funding
- NIH [GM100461]
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Metalloproteases, including Mmp, Adam, Adamts, and Timp, play crucial roles in ovulation and gonad formation processes. These enzymes are regulated by hormones like LH and progestin, and are involved in PGC migration, germ cell development, and sex determination in vertebrates. More research is needed to fully understand their functions and mechanisms in these processes.
Changes in expression or activation of various metalloproteases including matrix metalloproteases (Mmp), a disintegrin and metalloprotease (Adam) and a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif (Adamts), and their endogenous inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases, Timp), have been shown to be critical for ovulation in various species from studies in past decades. Some of these metalloproteases such as Adamts1, Adamts9, Mmp2, and Mmp9 have also been shown to be regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) and/or progestin, which are essential triggers for ovulation in all vertebrate species. Most of these metalloproteases also express broadly in various tissues and cells including germ cells and somatic gonad cells. Thus, metalloproteases likely play roles in gonad formation processes comprising primordial germ cell (PGC) migration, development of germ and somatic cells, and sex determination. However, our knowledge on the functions and mechanisms of metalloproteases in these processes in vertebrates is still lacking. This review will summarize our current knowledge on the metalloproteases in ovulation and gonad formation with emphasis on PGC migration and germ cell development.
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