The role of circadian genes in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer in human beings and is also the major cause of death among the other gastrointestinal cancers. The exact mechanisms of CRC development in most patients remains unclear. So far, several genetically, environmental and epigenetically risk factors have been identified for CRC development. The circadian rhythm is a 24-h rhythm that drives several biologic processes. The circadian system is guided by a central pacemaker which is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. Circadian rhythm is regulated by circadian clock genes, cytokines and hormones like melatonin. Disruptions in biological rhythms are known to be strongly associated with several diseases, including cancer. The role of the different circadian genes has been verified in various cancers, however, the pathways of different circadian genes in the pathogenesis of CRC are less investigated. Identification of the details of the pathways in CRC helps researchers to explore new therapies for the malignancy.

Automated summary

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in humans, with unclear development mechanisms but known associations with genetic, environmental, and epigenetic risk factors. The circadian rhythm, controlled by circadian clock genes, cytokines, and hormones, regulates various biological processes and disruptions in this rhythm have been linked to diseases such as cancer. The pathways of circadian genes in the pathogenesis of CRC are still underexplored, but understanding them may lead to new therapeutic approaches.