Comparison of milk fat globule membrane and whey proteome between Dromedary and Bactrian camel

Camel milk is rich in nutrients and its impact on human medicine and nutrition cannot be ignored. We conducted an in-depth analysis of milk proteins obtained from two camel breed (Camelus bactrianus, CB and Camelus dromedarius, CD). Label-free proteomic technology was performed to analysis the MFGM and whey proteomes of CB and CD milk. In total, 1133 MFGM proteins and 627 whey proteins were identified from camel milk. Results revealed that 216 MFGM proteins and 109 whey proteins were significantly different between them. In addition, the cellular process, cell and binding were the predominately GO annotations of milk proteins. KEGG analysis shown that most proteins were involved in metabolic pathways. Furthermore, many proteins were found to be involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which could be the possible reason for hypoglycemic effect of camel milk. These results could provide a further understanding for unique biological characteristics of camel milk proteins.

Automated summary

The study of camel milk proteins from two different camel breeds showed significant differences in the types and quantities of milk proteins, with hundreds of MFGM and whey proteins exhibiting variations. These proteins are mainly involved in cellular processes, cell functions, and binding, with majority participating in metabolic pathways. Additionally, some proteins were found to be associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting a potential hypoglycemic effect of camel milk.