Toxicological aspects of cannabinoid, pesticide and metal levels detected in light Cannabis inflorescences grown in Italy

Recently, the cultivation of light Cannabis, with a total THC content less than 0.6%, has been encouraged due to its industrial and therapeutic potential. This has increased the consumption of hemp for both smoking purposes and food preparation. Even so, Cannabis inflorescences are not subject to EU regulations and standards provided for food and tobacco products. A study was carried out on thirty-one inflorescences samples, collected in different Italian regions, in order to determine cannabinoids, pesticides and metals and to evaluate the exposure of consumers to contaminants and ensure a safe consumption. Contents of THC were always below 0.5%, while CBD ranged between 0.3 and 8.64%. The determination of 154 pesticides showed that 87% of the samples contained fungicides and insecticides in the range 0.01-185 mu g/g. The most found are spinosad and cyprodinil. The concentration of metals ranged from 1 to more than 100 mu g/g and As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Cu, Mo, Ni and V exceeded the regulatory US limits for inhaled Cannabis products, while Pb exceeded them for both oral and inhaled products. These contaminants are intrinsically toxic and may affect public health. Actions are needed to establish regulatory measures and reduce the adverse effects caused by contaminants in Cannabis.

Automated summary

The cultivation of light Cannabis with THC content less than 0.6% has been encouraged recently for its industrial and therapeutic potential, leading to increased consumption for smoking and food preparation. However, a study on Cannabis inflorescences found high levels of toxic pesticides and metals that exceeded regulatory limits, posing potential health risks to consumers. Regulatory measures are needed to reduce the adverse effects of contaminants in Cannabis.