Raman, impedance spectroscopy and ferroelectric studies of Sn4+ doped PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 ceramics

Sn doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)(1-x)SnxO3 (x = 0. 0.05, 0.1) were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method. Raman spectroscopic studies confirm the tetragonal structural of the material. Impedance spectroscopic studies were carried out to understand temperature and frequency dependent properties which shows the non-Debye kind of relaxation process. Cole-Cole plots reveal the contribution of grain and grain boundary to the conduction process. The values of activation energy suggests that conduction is ionic in nature. AC conductivity was found to obey the Johnscher's power law. Ferroelectric studies were carried out and it was observed that the values of remnant polarization (P-r) increased with Sn substitution.

Automated summary

The Sn-doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)(1-x)SnxO3 samples were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the tetragonal structure. Impedance spectroscopic studies indicated a non-Debye relaxation process, with Cole-Cole plots showing the contribution of grain and grain boundary to the conduction process. The values of activation energy suggested that the conduction is ionic in nature, while AC conductivity followed Johnscher's power law. Ferroelectric studies demonstrated that the remnant polarization (P-r) increased with Sn substitution.