Chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cells and their application in the immunotherapy of solid tumours

In this article, we reviewed the current literature studies and our understanding of the parameters that affect the chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T's) activation, effector function, in vivo persistence, and antitumour effects. These factors include T cell subsets and their differentiation stages, the components of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) design, the expression promoters and delivery vectors, and the CAR-T production process. The CAR signalling and CAR-T activation were also studied in comparison to TCR. The last section of the review gave special consideration of CAR design for solid tumours, focusing on strategies to improve CAR-T tumour infiltration and survival in the hostile tumour microenvironment. With several hundred clinical trials undergoing worldwide, the pace of CAR-T immunotherapy moves from bench to bedside is unprecedented. We hope that the article will provide readers a clear and comprehensive view of this rapidly evolving field and will help scientists and physician to design effective CAR-Ts immunotherapy for solid tumours.

Automated summary

This article reviews the factors that affect the activation, effector function, in vivo persistence, and antitumor effects of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T). These factors include T cell subsets, CAR design, expression promoters and delivery vectors, and CAR-T production process. The comparison between CAR signaling and TCR activation is also discussed. The article provides insights into CAR design for solid tumors, focusing on strategies to improve CAR-T tumor infiltration and survival in the hostile tumor microenvironment.