Journal
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 247, Issue 4, Pages 289-299Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/15353702211063477
Keywords
Fundus camera; fundus photography; retina; choroid; eye; ophthalmology
Categories
Funding
- National Eye Institute [P30 EY001792, R01 EY030101, R01 EY023522, R01 EY029673, R01 EY030842, R44 EY028786]
- Research to Prevent Blindness
- Richard and Loan Hill endowment
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This article reviews recent developments in alternative illumination approaches for widefield fundus photography, including miniaturized indirect illumination, contact mode trans-pars-planar illumination, and contact-free trans-pars-planar illumination. These methods enable the development of low-cost, portable, widefield fundus cameras, facilitating the popularization of teleophthalmology.
A portable, low cost, widefield fundus camera is essential for developing affordable teleophthalmology. However, conventional trans-pupillary illumination used in traditional fundus cameras limits the field of view (FOV) in a snapshot image, and frequently requires pharmacologically pupillary dilation for reliable examination of eye conditions. This minireview summarizes recent developments in alternative illumination approaches for widefield fundus photography. Miniaturized indirect illumination has been used to enable compact design for developing low cost, portable, widefield fundus camera. Contact mode trans-pars-planar illumination has been validated for ultra-widefield fundus imaging of infant eyes. Contact-free trans-pars-planar illumination has been explored for widefield imaging of adult eyes. Trans-palpebral illumination has been also demonstrated in a smartphone-based widefield fundus imager to foster affordable teleophthalmology.
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