Journal
EVOLUTION
Volume 76, Issue 1, Pages 158-170Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1111/evo.14400
Keywords
Acoustic communication; anuran; dear enemy effect; identity reception; identity signals; social recognition
Categories
Funding
- UMN Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior
- UMN Graduate School
- UMN Council of Graduate Students
- Bell Museum of Natural History
- Society for the Study of Evolution
- American Philosophical Society
- National Science Foundation (DDIG) [1601493]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1601493] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Animals recognize familiar individuals to perform important social behaviors through communication between signalers and receivers. Research on closely related territorial poison frogs revealed that male golden rocket frogs exhibit recognition of conspecific neighbors' advertisement calls and show a dear enemy effect, while male Kai rocket frogs do not. This suggests that social recognition systems may have evolved differently in closely related species based on adaptations in both signalers and receivers.
Animals recognize familiar individuals to perform a variety of important social behaviors. Social recognition is often mediated by communication between signalers who produce signals that contain identity information and receivers who categorize these signals based on previous experience. We tested two hypotheses about adaptations in signalers and receivers that enable the evolution of social recognition using two species of closely related territorial poison frogs. Male golden rocket frogs (Anomaloglossus beebei) recognize the advertisement calls of conspecific territory neighbors and display a dear enemy effect by responding less aggressively to neighbors than strangers, whereas male Kai rocket frogs (Anomaloglossus kaiei) do not. Our results did not support the identity signaling hypothesis: both species produced advertisement calls that contain similar amounts of identity information. Our results did support the identity reception hypothesis: both species exhibited habituation of aggression to playbacks simulating the arrival of a new neighbor, but only golden rocket frogs showed renewed aggression when they subsequently heard calls from a different male. These results suggest that an ancestral mechanism of plasticity in aggression common among frogs has been modified through natural selection to be specific to calls of individual males in golden rocket frogs, enabling a social recognition system.
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