The Study of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang Preventing and Treating Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through PPAR Signaling Pathway Based on Network Pharmacology and RNA-Seq Transcriptomics

Background. Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is the first stage of the alcoholic liver disease course. Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) has a good clinical effect on the treatment of AFLD, but its molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we tried to explore the molecular mechanism of YCHT in improving hepatocyte steatosis in AFLD mice through network pharmacology and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) transcriptomics. Methods. Network pharmacological methods were used to analyze the potential therapeutic signaling pathways and targets of YCHT on AFLD. Then, the AFLD mice model was induced and YCHT was administered concurrently. Liver injury was measured by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and liver tissue H&E staining, and liver steatosis was determined by serum triglyceride (TG) level and liver tissue Oil Red staining. The molecular mechanism of YCHT on prevention and treatment of mice AFLD was investigated according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the differential expression genes data obtained by liver tissue RNA-Seq. Finally, ethanol-induced AFLD AML12 hepatocyte model was established, YCHT with or without PPAR alpha agonist pemafibrate or PPAR gamma inhibitor GW9662 was administered, Nile Red fluorescent staining was used to evaluate steatosis levels in AML12 hepatocytes, and qRT-PCR was used to detect PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma gene expression. Results. The results of network pharmacology analysis showed that YCHT may exert its pharmacological effect on AFLD through 312 potential targets which are involved in many signaling pathways including the PPAR signaling pathway. AFLD mice experiments results showed that YCHT markedly decreased mice serum ALT activity and serum TG levels. YCHT also significantly improved alcohol-induced hepatic injury and steatosis in mice livers. Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment results of RNA-Seq showed that the PPAR signaling pathway should be the most relevant pathway of YCHT in the prevention and treatment of AFLD. AFLD hepatocyte model experiment results showed that YCHT could remarkably reduce hepatocyte steatosis through reducing PPAR gamma expression and increasing PPAR alpha expression. Conclusions. Our study discovered that PPAR gamma and PPAR alpha are the key targets and the PPAR signaling pathway is the main signaling pathway for YCHT to prevent and treat AFLD.

Automated summary

Our study explored the molecular mechanism of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) in improving hepatocyte steatosis in alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) through network pharmacology and RNA sequencing. The results revealed that PPAR gamma and PPAR alpha are key targets in the prevention and treatment of AFLD with YCHT, and the PPAR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in this process.