Different Responses to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Urothelial Carcinoma Molecular Subtypes

Background: For muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), no tissue biomarkers are available for clinical use to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Objective: To investigate how molecular subtypes impact pathological response and survival in patients receiving preoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Design, setting, and participants: Classification of a retrospective cohort of 149 patients was performed by tumor transcriptomic profiling and immunostaining. A cohort treated with radical cystectomy alone and public data sets were used for comparison and external validation. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Complete pathological response in the cystectomy specimen (ypT0N0) and survival were compared in predefined molecular subtypes. Differential gene expression and chemotherapy response were explored beyond molecular subtypes. Results and limitations: Patients with genomically unstable (GU) and urothelial-like (Uro) tumors had higher proportions of complete pathological response (16/31 [52%] and 17/54 [31%]), versus five out of 24 (21%) with the basal/squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. Molecular subtype was independently associated with improved survival for patients with GU tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.79) and UroC tumors (HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14-0.94) compared with Ba/Sq tumors, adjusting for clinical stage. In addition, expression of the gene coding for osteopontin (SPP1) showed a subtype-dependent effect on chemotherapy response. Conclusions: Urothelial cancer of the luminal-like (GU and Uro) subtypes is more responsive to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A second-generation of subtype-specific biomarkers, for example, SPP1, may be a way forward to develop a more precision-based treatment approach for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC. Patient summary: This study shows that tumor classification by gene expression profiling and molecular subtyping can identify patients who are more likely to benefit from chemotherapy before radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Together with other markers for response, molecular subtypes could have a role in selective administration of such chemotherapy. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.

Automated summary

This study investigates the impact of molecular subtypes on pathological response and survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) receiving preoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The results suggest that patients with certain molecular subtypes, such as genomically unstable (GU) and urothelial-like (Uro) tumors, are more responsive to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and have improved survival compared to those with the basal/squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype. The study highlights the potential of subtype-specific biomarkers, such as osteopontin (SPP1), for developing a more precision-based treatment approach for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC.