Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
Volume 181, Issue 5, Pages 1785-1795Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04379-x
Keywords
Coeliac disease; Children and adolescents; Epidemiology; Diagnosis; Follow-up
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Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the small bowel caused by gluten ingestion. It affects both children and adults and is associated with gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms. Removing gluten from the diet can alleviate the symptoms and enteropathy in most patients.
Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the small bowel with villous atrophy driven by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. It occurs frequently in both children and adults, affecting 1-4% of the population. The disease is associated with both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to malabsorption and/or immune activation, and autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase. Removal of gluten from the diet results in resolution of symptoms and enteropathy in the majority of patients. A good diagnostic work-up is important to avoid unnecessary restrictive diets in children. In this review on pediatric coeliac disease, we address epidemiology including predisposing environmental factors and possible preventive strategies, as well as the clinical presentation, diagnosis and follow-up.
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