The Merger of Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer with Transition Metal Catalysis for C-H Functionalization of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Catalytic C(sp(3))-H functionalization can convert abundant feedstock hydrocarbons into value-added products in an atom- and step-economic manner and is a powerful tool in organic synthesis. However, the intrinsic chemical inertness of ubiquitous aliphatic C-H bonds of alkanes and cycloalkanes makes their direct and selective functionalization extremely challenging. Recently, some elegant strategies have been developed to solve the problems based on the merger of photocatalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) with transition metal catalysis. Light-induced HAT processes are employed to initiate the alkyl radical generation, which is synergistic with metal catalysis involving for example nickel, copper, cobalt, cerium, chromium, or manganese. The different metal catalysts provide redox adjustment, Lewis acid activation or other functionalities and tune the reactivity and selectivity of the radical-mediated sequences, allowing the development of diverse chemo-, site-, and/or stereoselective synthetic reactions. In this minireview, we offer a brief summary of the recent advances in dual photo-induced HAT and transition metal catalysis for C-H functionalization of alkanes and cycloalkanes. We expect that these methodologies will stimulate the applications in catalysis, pharmaceuticals, and other related fields.

Automated summary

This article summarizes recent advances in dual photo-induced HAT and transition metal catalysis for C-H functionalization of alkanes and cycloalkanes. By combining the advantages of light and metal, this method solves the problem of chemical inertness in straight-chain alkanes and cycloalkanes, enabling a variety of selective synthetic reactions.