Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 61, Issue 5, Pages 2417-2434Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02814-1
Keywords
Mediterranean diet; Physical activity; Nutrition; COVID-19; Lockdowns' dietary behaviours; Public health
Categories
Funding
- CRUE-CSIC agreement
- Springer Nature
- European Regional Development Fund
- Interreg Mediterranean, MD.net
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During the COVID-2019 pandemic, Spanish adults had improved dietary habits during home confinement, with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. However, negative impacts on physical activity levels, sleep quality, and smoking rates were observed.
Purpose The COVID-2019 pandemic forced many governments to declare the to stay at home which encouraged social distancing and isolation among citizens. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary and lifestyle habit changes that occurred during home confinement in Spain. Methods An European online survey was launched in April 2020. This included 70 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, dietary habits, including key Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) foods. A total of 945 Spanish adults from 1268 European that completed the online survey were included in the analysis. Results Most of the Spanish participants adopted healthier dietary habits during home lockdown, which was translated to a higher MedDiet adherence. However, a negative impact on physical activity levels, sleep quality or smoking rates was observed. Low MedDiet adherence was associated with a higher risk of weight gain (OR = 1.53, CI 1.1-2.1; p = 0.016), while no snacking between meals reduced the risk by 80% (OR = 0.20, CI 0.09-0.45, p < 0.001) and eating more quantity, considering portion size, increased body weight gain risk almost sixfold more. Conclusion To conclude, although dietary habits were improved during home lockdown, certain unhealthy behaviours (e.g. increased snacking between meals, increased food intake, and an increase in sedentary behaviour) were increased.
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