Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 224, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113687
Keywords
Harmine; beta-Carboline; Cinnamic acid; Hybrid compounds; Antiplasmodial activity; PfHsp90; P. berghei; P. falciparum
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Funding
- Croatian Science Foundation [UIP-2017-05-5160]
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal (FCT) [02/SAICT/2017/29550]
- Young researcher's career development project - training of doctoral students of the Croatian Science Foundation
- University of Zagreb
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Harmicines, hybrid compounds composed of harmine and cinnamic acid derivatives, exhibit significant antiplasmodial activity, with amide-type harmicines 27 showing superior potency, particularly harmicine 27a with the most favorable selectivity index.
The rise of the resistance of the malaria parasite to the currently approved therapy urges the discovery and development of new efficient agents. Previously we have demonstrated that harmicines, hybrid compounds composed from beta-carboline alkaloid harmine and cinnamic acid derivatives, linked via either triazole or amide bond, exert significant antiplasmodial activity. In this paper, we report synthesis, antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of expanded series of novel triazole- and amide-type harmicines. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that amide-type harmicines 27, prepared at N-9 of the beta-carboline core, exhibit superior potency against both erythrocytic stage of P. falciparum and hepatic stages of P. berghei. Notably, harmicine 27a, m-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid derivative, exhibited the most favourable selectivity index (SI = 1105). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the ATP binding site of P. falciparum heat shock protein 90 as a druggable binding location, confirmed the usefulness of the harmine's N-9 substitution and identified favourable N-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions involving Lys45 and the aromatic phenyl unit in the attached cinnamic acid fragment as crucial for the enhanced biological activity. Thus, those compounds were identified as promising and valuable leads for further derivatization in the search of novel, more efficient antiplasmodial agents. (c) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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