Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 29, Issue 31, Pages 47818-47831Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19214-x
Keywords
Photocatalysis; Nanoparticles; C-ZnO; Phenanthrene; Sunlight
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Carbon-doped zinc oxide (C-ZnO) nanoparticles with intriguing properties were successfully synthesized using the sonicated sol-gel technique with the aid of activated charcoal. The incorporation of carbon greatly enhanced the photocatalytic activity of C-ZnO towards the degradation of phenanthrene.
In an effort for efficient solar energy harvesting, carbon-doped zinc oxide (C-ZnO) nanoparticles with intriguing properties were synthesized by sonicated sol-gel technique with the aid of activated charcoal. Compared to pure ZnO, the incorporation of carbon has drastically promoted the photocatalytic activity of C-ZnO towards the degradation of phenanthrene under illumination of both UV and sunlight. The characterization of the as-synthesized nanoparticles by scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-vis spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the carbon doping of C-ZnO. The highest degradation rate of phenanthrene was obtained at pH 7 and C-ZnO loading of 0.5 g L-1. Finally, the kinetic studies of the photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene by using C-ZnO were well-fitted with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and followed the pseudo-first-order rate expression.
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