Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 29, Issue 18, Pages 26371-26384Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17730-w
Keywords
Urinary metals; Heavy metals; Air pollution; Particulate matter; Physical exercise; Athletes; American football
Categories
Funding
- University of Udine
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The study demonstrates that PM10 levels can affect the urinary excretion of certain toxic metals, indicating a potential impact of air pollution. On more polluted days, the concentrations of some metals (such as beryllium, cadmium, copper, and thallium) in urine significantly increased, while others remained unchanged.
Exposure to air pollution during physical exercise is a health issue because fine particulate matter (dimension < 10 mu m; PM10) includes several inhalable toxic metals. Body metal changes in athletes according to air pollution are poorly known. Urinary concentrations of 15 metals: beryllium (Be-9), aluminum (Al-27), vanadium (V-51), chromium (Cr-51 + Cr-52), manganese (Mn-55), cobalt (Co-59), nickel (Ni-61), copper (Cu-63), zinc (Zn-61), arsenic (As-75), selenium (Se-82), cadmium (Cd-111 + Cd-112), thallium (Tl-125), lead (Pb-207), and uranium (U-238) were measured before and after ten 2-h training sessions in 8 non-professional Italian American-football players (18-28 years old, body mass index 24.2-33.6 kg/m(2)). Collectively, post-training sessions, urinary concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, and Zn were higher than pre-training sessions; Al, Be, Cr, and U did not change; conversely, V decreased. Subdividing training sessions according to air PM10 levels: low (< 20 mu g/m(3)), medium (20-40 mu g/m(3)), and high (> 40 mu g/m(3)), pre-session and post-session urinary concentrations of Be, Cd, Cu, and Tl were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in more polluted days, whereas V concentrations were lower (p < 0.001). All the remaining metals were unaffected. We first showed that PM10 levels modulate urinary excretion of some toxic metals suggesting an effect of air pollution. The effects of toxic metals inhaled by athletes exercising in polluted air need further studies.
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