Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 29, Issue 10, Pages 14046-14057Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16851-6
Keywords
PAEs; Plasticizers; Indoor dust; Waste processing; Vietnam
Categories
Funding
- Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) [104.01-2018.314]
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Nine phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were detected in indoor dust samples collected from vehicle repair shops, waste processing workshops, and homes in Vietnam. Workplace dust had significantly higher levels of PAEs compared to house dust, with DEHP being the most predominant compound. The daily intake doses of selected PAEs through dust ingestion were much lower than reference doses, indicating acceptable levels of risk.
The occurrence of nine phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were determined in indoor dust samples collected from vehicle repair shops, waste processing workshops, and homes in Vietnam. Concentrations of total PAEs ranged from 585 to 153,000 (median 33,400 ng/g), which fall in the lower end of global range. The PAE levels in workplace dust (median 49,100; range 9210-153,000 ng/g) were significantly higher than those in house dust (median 23,700; range 585-83,700 ng/g), indicating waste processing activities as potential PAE sources. The most predominant compound was di-(2-ethyl)hexyl phthalate (DEHP), accounting for 62 +/- 18% of total PAEs. Other major compounds were benzyl butyl phthalate (BzBP) (10 +/- 12%), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) (9.7 +/- 7.7%), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) (7.9 +/- 8.1%), and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) (6.9 +/- 5.0%). Proportions of BzBP and DnBP in some workplace dust samples were markedly greater than in common house dust, suggesting specific emission sources. Daily intake doses of selected PAEs (e.g., DnBP, DiBP, BzBP, and DEHP) through dust ingestion were much lower than reference doses, implying acceptable levels of risk.
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