Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 56, Issue 5, Pages 3214-3224Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07176
Keywords
PFAS; distribution; enterohepatic circulation; reabsorption; computational model
Categories
Funding
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [22136006, 22193051, 21777061, 21806058, 21906069, 21477049, 21507044]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2019M660185]
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This study explored the role of enterohepatic circulation in the distribution and accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biological systems. The findings demonstrated that enterohepatic circulation plays a critical role in the reabsorption, distribution, and bioaccumulation of PFAS.
The pharmacokinetic characteristics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) affect their distribution and bioaccumulation in biological systems. The enterohepatic circulation leads to reabsorption of certain chemicals from bile back into blood and the liver and thus influences their elimination, yet its influence on PFAS bioaccumulation remains unclear. We explored the role of enterohepatic circulation in PFAS bioaccumulation by examining tissue distribution of various PFAS in wild fish and a rat model. Computational models were used to determine the reabsorbed fractions of PFAS by calculating binding affinities of PFAS for key transporter proteins of enterohepatic circulation. The results indicated that higher concentrations were observed in blood, the liver, and bile compared to other tissues for some PFAS in fish. Furthermore, exposure to a PFAS mixture on the rat model showed that the reabsorption phenomenon appeared during 8-12 h for most long-chain PFAS. Molecular docking calculations suggest that PFAS can bind to key transporter proteins via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Further regression analysis adds support to the hypothesis that binding affinity of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter is the most important variable to predict the human half-lives of PFAS. This study demonstrated the critical role of enterohepatic circulation in reabsorption, distribution, and accumulation of PFAS.
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