Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 55, Issue 23, Pages 15969-15979Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01368
Keywords
personal exposure; household air pollution; solid fuels; molecular tracers; personal/outdoor ratio; PM2.5; source apportionment
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Funding
- Wellcome Trust, UK [103906/Z/14/Z]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China, China [81473044, 51521005]
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research [137535]
- Wellcome Trust [103906/Z/14/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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Research conducted in villages in three Chinese provinces found that the chemical composition of PM2.5 exposures did not significantly differ by gender, and participants using coal had higher ratios of coal combustion tracers. Indicating substantial indirect exposure to solid fuel emissions from other homes.
In communities with household solid fuel use, transitioning to clean stoves/fuels often results in only moderate reductions in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures; the chemical composition of those exposures may help explain why. We collected personal exposure (men and women) and outdoor PM2.5 samples in villages in three Chinese provinces (Shanxi, Beijing, and Guangxi) and measured chemical components, including water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), ions, elements, and organic tracers. Source contributions from chemical mass balance modeling (biomass burning, coal combustion, vehicles, dust, and secondary inorganic aerosol) were similar between outdoor and personal PM2.5 samples. Principal component analysis of organic and inorganic components identified analogous sources, including a regional ambient source. Chemical components of PM2.5 exposures did not differ significantly by gender. Participants using coal had higher personal/outdoor (P/O) ratios of coal combustion tracers (picene, sulfate, As, and Pb) than those not using coal, but no such trend was observed for biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan, K+, WSOC). Picene and most levoglucosan P/O ratios exceeded 1 even among participants not using coal and biomass, respectively, indicating substantial indirect exposure to solid fuel emissions from other homes. Contributions of community-level emissions to exposures suggest that meaningful exposure re ductions will likely require extensive fuel use changes within communities.
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