Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 288, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117741
Keywords
Straw return; N fertilizer; Cd contaminated field trials; Crop yields; Rice diseases and pests
Categories
Funding
- Zhejiang Science and Technology Bureau [2018C02029]
- Shanghai Agricultural and Rural Affairs Commission [201902080008F01134]
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Reducing N fertilization by 20% with 50% straw return in wheat-rice rotation can effectively manage crop production, quality, soil acidification, and Cd accumulation. The study found that N1 treatments significantly decreased crop yields and soil pH generally decreased with increasing N fertilizer input. Straw addition plus N fertilization had significant impacts on Cd accumulation, distribution, and availability.
Understanding the comprehensive effect on crop production and quality, soil acidification, and Cd accumulation and distribution for wheat-rice rotation under N fertilization and continuous straw return is important for proper contaminated agricultural soil management. A 2-year paddy field experiment was conducted to study the effects of above factors change in the Zhejiang province, China. Fertilization treatments included: conventional N fertilizer application (N3), 20% reduction of N application (N2), 40% reduction of N application (N1), combined with three portions of straw incorporation: all straws retention (N3), half of the straws into the fields (S2), 20% straws retention(S1). The N1 treatments significantly decreased crop yields compared to N2 and N3 treatments. Except for C2-wheat, soil pH generally decreased with increasing N fertilizer input in the order of N1>N2>N3, regardless of how many straws was amended. Moreover, we found that straw addition plus N fertilization had a intersystem impacts on Cd accumulation, distribution and availability. Although total Cd had different trends among 4 experimental seasons, when the N reduced 20% applied, the DTPA-Cd contents were lowest among 3 out of four experimental seasons, except for that of C2-wheat, where N2 treatments ranked the second lower contents. For most seasons, Cd contents in straws were higher than soils and lowest in grains, and S2N2 treatment performed an intermediate value among all treatments. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that S2 or N2 treatments or S2N2 reduced the potential risk of plant diseases and pests with lower disease index, disease cluster rate. Notably, the relative outbreak of pests was remarkably suppressed under S2 treatments, especially S2N2. Thus, these findings demonstrated that in wheat-rice rotation reducing 20% N fertilization with 50% straw returning may be a win-win practice in this region for the equilibrium between agricultural productivity, quality and low Cd polluted risk.
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