Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 290, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117962
Keywords
Arsenic; Inorganic arsenic; Speciation; Rice bran; Food safety; Health risk assessment
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture from the United States Department of Agriculture (NIFA-USDA) [2016-67001-24538]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1043255]
- National Science Foundation [1828902]
- Colorado School of Public Health Inter-Institutional Pilot Research Award
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Arsenic exposure is a global public health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. This study found that agronomic practices and fermentation techniques can influence arsenic concentrations in rice bran, affecting food safety. Monitoring environmental exposure is crucial for providing guidance on global food safety.
Arsenic (As) exposure is a global public health concern affecting millions worldwide and stems from drinking water and foods containing As. Here, we assessed how agronomic practices and postharvest fermentation techniques influence As concentrations in rice bran, and calculated health risks from consumption. A global suite of 53 rice brans were tested for total As and speciation. Targeted quantification of inorganic As (iAs) concentrations in rice bran were used to calculate Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) across the lifespan. Mean iAs was highest in Thailand rice bran samples (0.619 mg kg(-1)) and lowest in Guatemala (0.017 mg kg(- 1)) rice bran samples. When comparing monosodium-methanearsonate (MSMA) treated and the Native-soil counterpart under the irrigation technique Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) management, the MSMA treatment had significantly higher total As (p = 0.022), and iAs (p = 0.016). No significant differences in As concentrations were found between conventional and organic production, nor between fermented and nonfermented rice bran. Health risk assessment calculations for the highest iAs-rice bran dosage scenario for adults, children and infants exceeded THQ and LCR thresholds, and LCR was above threshold for median iAs-rice bran. This environmental exposure investigation into rice bran provides novel information with food safety guidance for an emerging global ingredient.
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