4.7 Review

Toxicokinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds in oligochaeta: A critical review

Journal

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 289, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117743

Keywords

Hydrophobic organic compounds; Toxicokinetic models; Uptake and elimination rate constants; Bioaccumulation factors; Soil properties; Aging

Funding

  1. RECETOX Research Infrastructure [LM2018121]
  2. CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE Teaming 2 project by Horizon2020 [857560]
  3. Czech ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0015975]

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Toxicokinetic studies on soil bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds lack comprehensive summaries on factors influencing uptake and elimination. Available data and models help in understanding the real situation in soil, but uncertainties remain regarding other soil properties and experimental conditions like food supply and metabolization in oligochaeta. Standardizing units and considering factors like steady state and aging are crucial for future research in this field.
Toxicokinetic studies appertain to the fundamental research of soil bioavailability. However, the research outcomes of aspects influencing uptake and elimination of hydrophobic organic compounds have not been summarized so far. In our review, a recapitulation of available toxicokinetic data (i.e. experimental conditions, if the steady state was reached, uptake and elimination rate constants, and bioaccumulation factors) is presented in well-arranged tables. Further, toxicokinetic models are overviewed in the schematic form. In the review, the required information could be quickly found and/or the experimental gaps easily identified. Generally a little is known about the effects of soil properties other than soil organic matter. Limited or no data are available about soil treatment, food supply during laboratory exposure, and metabolization in oligochaeta. The impact of these factors might be important especially for arable soils with typically low organic matter content but high consequences on humans. Besides these circumstances, other uncertainties between published studies have been found. Firstly, the scientific results are provided in heterogenous units: bioaccumulation factors as well as the rate constants are reported in dry or wet weight of soil and earthworms. The steady state is another critical factor because the time to reach the equilibrium is influenced not only by soil and compound characteristics but for example also by aging. Nevertheless, toxicokinetic studies bring irreplaceable information about the real situation in soil and our review help to define missing knowledge and estimate the scientific priorities.

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