Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 379-395Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01334-4
Keywords
Bioplastics; Biopolymer; Biodegradability; Carbon footprint; Sustainability; Bioeconomy
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Canada Research Chairs (CRC) program
- Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- Next Generation Manufacturing Canada (NGen)
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Bioplastics offer many advantages over traditional plastics, including biodegradability, low carbon footprint, energy efficiency, and unique characteristics, with significant potential to replace petroleum-based plastics in various industries.
Non-biodegradable plastics are continually amassing landfills and oceans worldwide while creating severe environmental issues and hazards to animal and human health. Plastic pollution has resulted in the death of millions of seabirds and aquatic animals. The worldwide production of plastics in 2020 has increased by 36% since 2010. This has generated significant interest in bioplastics to supplement global plastic demands. Bioplastics have several advantages over conventional plastics in terms of biodegradability, low carbon footprint, energy efficiency, versatility, unique mechanical and thermal characteristics, and societal acceptance. Bioplastics have huge potential to replace petroleum-based plastics in a wide range of industries from automobiles to biomedical applications. Here we review bioplastic polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoate, polylactic acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, polyamide 11, and polyhydroxyurethanes; and cellulose-based, starch-based, protein-based and lipid-based biopolymers. We discuss economic benefits, market scenarios, chemistry and applications of bioplastic polymers.
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