Changes of small strain shear modulus and microstructure for a lime-treated silt subjected to wetting-drying cycles

Lime treatment can enhance the workability and hydro-mechanical properties of soil through different physical-chemical reactions. Nevertheless, the beneficiary effect of lime treatment can be altered when the soil was exposed to wetting-drying cycles, depending on the wetting fluid and soil state. In the present study, the changes in small strain shear modulus (G(max)) and microstructure of a compacted lime-treated silt under wetting-drying cycles were studied. The untreated state of soil was also considered for comparison. Meanwhile, the effects of wetting fluid (deionized water and synthetic seawater) and maximum soil aggregate size (D-max = 0.4 mm for S0.4 and 5 mm for S5) were investigated. Results showed that G(max) increased significantly for the lime-treated soil over curing, and increased slightly for the untreated soil. The untreated specimens were softened and damaged by wetting-drying cycles, while the lime-treated specimens exhibited good resistance with the pore size distributions almost kept reversible along the wetting-drying paths. The subsequent more intensive drying resulted in a significant fabric alteration with occurrence of shrinkage-related fissures of the clay part. However, these fissures were almost healed with rewetting. Thereby, the G(max) of lime-treated soil showed a constant decreasing trend with wetting and an increasing trend with drying. Moreover, G(max) decreased slightly with wetting-drying cycles for the lime-treated specimens wetted by deionized water, suggesting that the wetting-drying indeed softened the soil. However, G(max) increased for the lime-treated specimens wetted by synthetic seawater, due to the more production of cementitious compounds promoted by salts. The lime-treated specimens S0.4 wetted by synthetic seawater had higher G(max) than those wetted by deionized water, while the wetting fluid had insignificant effect on the G(max) of specimens S5 due to the limited promotion of pozzolanic reaction and negligible soil aggregation induced by salts.

Automated summary

Lime treatment can significantly increase the small strain shear modulus (G(max)) of soil, providing good resistance to wetting-drying cycles. However, the effect can be altered depending on factors such as wetting fluid and soil state. While untreated soil softens and damages during wetting-drying cycles, lime-treated soil maintains its resistance and reversible pore size distributions.