Journal
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15567036.2021.1986175
Keywords
Biomass conversion; biofuels; furfural; gamma-valerolactone; transfer hydrogenation
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21908033, 21576059, 21666008]
- Fok YingTong Education Foundation [161030]
- Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (111 Program) [D20023]
- Guizhou Frontiers Science Center for Asymmetric Synthesis and Medicinal Molecules [004]
- Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation [161030]
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A new and recyclable catalytic system using ZrCl4 as the catalyst has been developed for the direct conversion of furfural to gamma-Valerolactone. This bifunctional catalyst showed high catalytic activity and recyclability at high temperature, demonstrating potential for one-pot multi-step biomass valorization.
gamma-Valerolactone (GVL) is widely used as a green solvent and in the generation of liquid fuels. GVL can be obtained from biomass-derived furanic compounds through a cascade reaction process, which is extremely challenging due to the need for different active sites in a single pot. Here, we reported a domino conversion process of directly upgrading furfural (FF) to GVL in isopropanol over a commercially available and budget catalyst ZrCl4 that can in-situ release Bronsted acid (HCl) and Lewis acid/base species (ZrO(OH)(n)center dot xH(2)O). The in-situ formed bifunctional catalyst can significantly enable twice transfer hydrogenation, etherification, the ring-opening, and cyclization reactions, giving a high GVL yield of 56.5% from FF at 180 degrees C for 6 h. In addition, the solid residues collected after reaction could be calcined to obtain t-ZrO2-(C) nanoparticles with a rough surface, in which the insoluble humin attached to the hydrolyzed solid was demonstrated to improve the layered aggregate structure of the resulting t-ZrO2-(C). Interestingly, t-ZrO2-(C) showed good performance in catalytic conversion of FF to furfuryl alcohol (FAOL) with ca. 80% yield. The developed bifunctional and recyclable catalytic system exhibits potential for one-pot multi-step biomass valorization.
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