Laser-Induced Graphene in Facts, Numbers, and Notes in View of Electroanalytical Applications: A Review

In this review, laser-induced graphene (LIG) -based electrodes are discussed by covering such essential areas, as a characterization of LIG material properties necessary for electroanalysis, including data on LIG sheet resistance, wettability, spatial resolution, electrochemical characteristics, as well as correlations of process - properties - electroanalytical characteristicsof LIG-electrodes. Moreover, typical and innovative LIG-based electrodes designs for electroanalytical applications, including combined multi-analyte multimodal wearable sensors, interdigitated electrodes, are shown. The essential data related to LIG in electroanalysis are summarized in tables. The authors also discussed recent LIG-based electroanalytical applications. Close attention has been paid to LIG glucose sensors and biosensors.

Automated summary

This review discusses the characterization of laser-induced graphene (LIG) material properties, the correlation between process - properties - electroanalytical characteristics of LIG-electrodes, as well as typical and innovative designs for electroanalytical applications. The essential data related to LIG in electroanalysis are summarized, with a focus on recent LIG-based electroanalytical applications, particularly LIG glucose sensors and biosensors.