Electrochemical Affinity Sensors Using Field Effect Transducer Devices for Chemical Analysis

The review presents advances and main challenges of the affinity sensors based on field- effect transistors published during the last five years. The different nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors are classified according to the nature of the nanomaterials, beginning by silicon, the gold-standard semiconductor, the gallium nitride semiconductor, the organic semiconductors, the silicon nanowires, the inorganic nanomaterials, the carbon nanotubes and the graphene. Due to its exceptional electrical properties, the main works are devoted to graphene. The obtained analytical performances for the detection of biomarkers, of DNA sequences and of miRNA are listed. The relation between the operational conditions - nature of the nanomaterials, procedure of preparation, choice of the receptor molecule, method of immobilization - and the analytical performance are discussed. The perspective of industrialization of these affinity sensors based on field-effect transistors is discussed.

Automated summary

This review presents the advances and main challenges of affinity sensors based on field-effect transistors published in the last five years. Different nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors are classified according to the nature of the nanomaterials, including silicon, gallium nitride, organic semiconductors, silicon nanowires, inorganic nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The exceptional electrical properties of graphene make it the focus of most studies. Analytical performances for detecting biomarkers, DNA sequences, and miRNA are listed, and the relationship between operational conditions and analytical performance is discussed. The prospect of industrialization of these affinity sensors based on field-effect transistors is also discussed.