4.7 Article

Oil contamination drives the transformation of soil microbial communities: Co-occurrence pattern, metabolic enzymes and culturable hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria

Journal

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Volume 225, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112740

Keywords

Oil pollution; k-core decomposition; Biomarker; Metabolism enzyme; Culturable bacteria

Funding

  1. Science and Technology Planning Project of Chongqing Ecology and Environment Bureau, China [2019-125]

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The study revealed that oil pollution reduces correlations between co-existing bacteria and alters core genera related to oil metabolism. Under oil pollution pressure, indigenous bacteria Gammaproteobacteria was domesticated as biomarker and enzyme expression related to the metabolism of toxic hydrocarbons was enhanced. Functional pathways of xenobiotics biodegradation were also stimulated under oil contamination.
The land-based oil extraction activity has led to serious pollution of the soil. While microbes may play an important role in the remediation of contaminated soils, ecological effects of oil pollution on soil microbial relationships remain poorly understood. Here, typical contaminated soils and undisturbed soils from seven oilfields of China were investigated in terms of their physicochemical characteristics, indigenous microbial assemblages, bacterial co-occurrence patterns, and metabolic enzymes. Network visualization based on k-core decomposition illustrated that oil pollution reduced correlations between co-existing bacteria. The core genera were altered to those related with oil metabolism (Pseudarthrobacter, Alcanivorax, Sphingomonas, Chromohalobacter and Nocardioides). Under oil pollution pressure, the indigenous bacteria Gammaproteobacteria was domesticated as biomarker and the enzyme expression associated with the metabolism of toxic benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was enhanced. Functional pathways of xenobiotics biodegradation were also stimulated under oil contamination. Finally, twelve culturable hydrocarbon-degrading microbes were isolated from these polluted soils and classified into Stenotrophomonas, Delftia, Pseudomonas and Bacillus. These results show that the soil microbial communities are transformed under oil pollution stress, and also provide useful information for future bioremediation processes.

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