Journal
CYTOKINE
Volume 148, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155664
Keywords
Th2 cytokines; Type 2 inflammation; Atopic dermatitis
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [20 K08669, 20 K08649, 20H05697]
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST [JP20gm1210006]
- Shiseido Research Foundation
- Kose Cosmetology Research Foundation
- Takeda Research Foundation
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Type 2 immunity and inflammation play key roles in allergic skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, with cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 being essential in type 2 inflammation. Biologics targeting these cytokines have shown significant efficacy in treating AD, based on both basic research in mice and clinical trials in humans.
Type 2 immunity and inflammation underlie allergic skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). In type 2 inflammation, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5, which are signature type 2 cytokines, are mainly produced by type 2 helper T (Th2) cells and form the characteristic features of AD. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines such as IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP initiate type 2 inflammation by modulating various cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Moreover, IL-31, a newly identified type 2 cytokine produced mainly by Th2 cells, induces pruritus by acting on sensory neurons in the skin. Based on both basic and clinical findings, several biologics targeting Th2 cytokines have been developed and exhibited significant efficacy as therapeutic reagents for AD. We have summarized the roles of each cytokine (IL-4, 5, 13, 25, 31, and 33, and TSLP) in the development of type 2 inflammation, especially AD, from the view of basic studies in mice and clinical trials/observation in humans.
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