Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
Volume 64, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102148
Keywords
Ligand binding; START domain; Regulatory mechanisms; Protein activity; Evolutionary biology
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [2039489]
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [2039489] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The StARkin domain is an evolutionarily conserved structure with a deep hydrophobic pocket capable of binding lipophilic ligands. Dysregulation of StARkin proteins has significant effects on disease and development. Recent studies highlight the diversity of regulatory mechanisms employed by the StARkin module, providing valuable insights for researchers.
The StARkin domain (derived from 'kin of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)') is an evolutionarily conserved helix grip-fold structure. StARkin domains possess a deep hydrophobic pocket capable of binding lipophilic ligands such as fatty acids, sterols, and isoprenoids. Dysregulation of StARkin proteins has profound effects on disease and development. In this review, we profile recent mechanistic and evolutionary studies, which highlight the remarkable diversity of regulatory mechanisms employed by the StARkin module. Although primarily focused on land plants, we also discuss select key advances in mammalian StARkin biology. The diversity of perspectives, systems, and approaches described here may be helpful to researchers characterizing poorly understood StARkin proteins.
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