A translocation analysis of organophosphate pesticides between surface water, sediments and tissues of common reed Phragmites australis

This study investigated the ability of common reed, Phragmites australis to take up organophosphate pesticides (OPPs). The study site was the agriculturally polluted Sundays Estuary in South Africa. Surface water, leaves, roots, and deep-rooted-sediments of P. australis were collected along the length of the estuary and analysed for 13 different OPPS. The extraction of OPPs in plant tissues was performed by QuEChERS method followed by GC-MS analysis. The highest concentration of OPPs was found in leaves (16.41-31.39 mu g kg(-1) dw), followed by roots (13.92-30.88 mu g kg(-1) dw), and sediments (3.30-8.07 mu g kg(-1) dw). Of the 13 targeted OPPs, only one compound was not detected across the four sample matrices, thus reflecting widespread contamination in the Sundays Estuary. The biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) values of pyraclofos, quinalphos, fenitrothion, phosalone, EPN, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, pyrazophos, and isazophos were higher than one implying that P. australis possesses the ability to bioaccumulate these compounds. The root-leaf translocation factors (TFr-l) of these pesticides were higher than 1, suggesting that P. australis possesses the capacity to move these pesticides from roots to leaves. The insignificant correlation observed between log BSAF and log K-ow and log TFr-l and log K-ow implies that OPPs uptake by P. australis tissues were not dependent on log Kow. Our study demonstrates that P. australis possesses the potential to effectively remove OPPs from contaminated water and sediment.

Automated summary

This study revealed that P. australis in the contaminated Sundays Estuary has the ability to absorb organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) and bioaccumulate these compounds, transferring them from roots to leaves. The insignificant correlation between log BSAF and log K-ow and log TFr-l and log K-ow indicates that the uptake of OPPs by P. australis tissues is not dependent on log Kow. The findings suggest that P. australis has the potential to effectively remove OPPs from contaminated water and sediment.