Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 286, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131739
Keywords
E-waste; WEEE management; Recycling technology; Metal recovery; Green chemistry; Spectroanalytical methods
Categories
Funding
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2019/24223-5, 2018/24569-6, 2016/17304-0, 2016/17221-8]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, CNPq [302719/2020-2]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior Brasil (CAPES and PNPD - National Postdoctoral Program, Federal University of Sao Sarlos) [001]
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Recycling of precious materials from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) requires effective methods. Both traditional and emerging technologies play important roles in metal recovery, with green recycling technologies like biometallurgical, plasma arc fusion, and mechanochemical methods also being widely applied.
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is one of the world's fastest-growing class of waste. WEEE contain a large amount of precious materials that have aroused the interest to develop new recycling technologies. Hence, effective recycling strategies are extremely necessary to promote the proper handling of these materials as well as for environmentally sound recovery of secondary raw resource. This paper reviews important existing methods and emerging technologies in WEEE management, with special emphasis in characterization, extraction and reclamation of precious materials from waste computer and mobile phones. Traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical technologies still play a central role in the recovery of metals. More recently, emerging greener recycling technologies using microorganisms (i.e. biometallurgical), plasma arc fusion method and pretreatments (i.e. ultrasound and mechanochemical technologies) combined with other recycling methods (e.g. hydrometallurgical), and using less toxic solvents such as ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have also been attempted to recycle metals from computer and mobile phone scrap. The role of analytical method development, especially using spectroanalytical methods for chemical inspection and ewaste sorting process at industrial applications is also discussed. This confirmed that most direct sampling techniques such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and X-ray fluorescence (XFR) have several advantages over traditional sorting methods including rapid analytical response, without use of chemical reagents or waste generation, and greater reclamation of precious and critical materials in the WEEE stream.
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