Construction of hierarchical Ti3C2TX@PHbP-PHC architecture with enhanced free-radical quenching capability: Effective reinforcement and fire safety performance in bismaleimide resin

The effect of hindered amine light stabilizer on free radical quenching can be combined with the cross-linked polyphosphazene containing -P=N- structure to improve the flame retardant efficiency of titanium carbide (Ti3C2TX) in both gas phase and condensed phase. Here, a hindered amine and polyphosphazene modified Ti3C2TX (Ti3C2TX@PHbP-PHC) was obtained. With the loading of Ti3C2TX@PHbP-PHC in the bismaleimide resin (BMI) increased to 2 wt%, an 43% reduction was achieved in the peak heat release rate (PHRR), and a 47% reduction in the total heat release rate (THR). Meanwhile, the total gaseous products and total smoke production (TSP) exhibited a similar decreasing trend. Furthermore, 0.5 wt% BMI system exhibited the highest storage modulus (2629 MPa) and impact strength (13.7 MPa), which were 21% and 76% higher than pure BMI, respectively. Therefore, the developed functionalized Ti3C2TX can be effectively used in BMI matrix, thereby providing reliable source material for the design of high-performance BMI resins that meet various application scenarios.

Automated summary

The study shows that adding polyphosphazene and hindered amine light stabilizer to titanium carbide can improve its flame retardancy and reduce heat release rate and smoke production. Incorporating Ti3C2TX@PHbP-PHC into bismaleimide resin significantly enhances the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the resin.